This week decoded
Despite widespread attention and growing concern about AI safety, it looks likely Congress will defer AI-focused legislation until 2027. President Donald Trump poured cold water on the extent of AI risk to the US, and House Republican leadership mirrored that position. Senate leadership is more open to acting, but talks between Senate Majority Leader John Thune, Commerce Committee Chair Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) on a framework to regulate frontier artificial intelligence systems are making slow progress.
Time is running out on the Senate’s final work period before the midterm elections, the House won’t return to Washington until November, and the end-of-year lame duck session brings a long list of unresolved issues.
The House passed the Ratepayer Protection Act by a 417-3 vote, but Democrats blocked Sen. Jon Husted’s (R-OH) unanimous consent request to pass the bill in the Senate. The bill would require state utility regulators to set rules for data center operators to cover the costs of any upgrades to the grid; Senate Democrats expressed concern that states could choose not to adopt the rules.
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) also requested unanimous consent to pass his AI Emergency Button Act to require artificial intelligence developers to install an emergency kill switch; the request was blocked by Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY).
President Trump announced the formation of an AI Force, similar to the Space Force he established in his first term. Administration officials will meet with their Chinese counterparts this week, including a summit between Trump and President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, where AI is expected to be a central topic.
Read more below
Congress
Hearings
Last week
On September 16, the House Science, Space and Technology Investigations and Oversight Subcommittee held a hearing on “Balancing Biotechnology Innovation and Biosecurity: Securing U.S. Leadership in a Global Race.”
This week
On September 23, the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Counterterrorism holds a hearing on “Always Watching: Flock’s Nationwide AI Surveillance Network.”
Legislation
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) introduced the AI Emergency Button Act to require artificial intelligence developers to install an emergency kill switch. (Text)
Reps. Kristen McDonald Rivet (D-MI), Chris Pappas (D-NH) and Don Davis (D-NC) introduced the Reverse Big Ugly Tax Breaks for Data Centers Act to prohibit data centers from taking the 100% bonus depreciation tax deduction, and from being eligible for Opportunity Zone tax benefits. (Text)
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) introduced the Stop Rogue AI Act to require NIST develop security standards for AI agent discovery and control within one year. It requires federal procurement contracts to enforce these standards for AI agents and interacting systems. (Text)
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX) introduced a bill to better coordinate Federal efforts to utilize advance technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to improve diagnoses, treatments, cures, and prevention strategies for pediatric cancer. (Text)
Reps. James Walkinshaw (D-VA) and Addison McDowell (R-NC) introduced FISA AI Reporting Act to direct the intelligence community to report to Congress on how it uses artificial intelligence with data collected under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, including which systems are being used and what safeguards are in place to protect Americans’ Fourth Amendment rights. (Text)
Rep. Tom Barrett (R-MI) introduced the VA Claims AI Accountability Act to ensure VA employees make all final decisions for approval of disability claims and benefits, including human review of each individual disability condition claimed and to require the VA to maintain and continue improving its digital disability claims processing system to make sure it is accurately and efficiently getting veterans the benefits they earned. (Text)
Barrett also introduced the VA AI Transparency Act to require the VA to disclose to every veteran any use of AI by the VA, including in claims processing and customer service chats. (Text)
Reps. Michael McCaul (R-TX), Ami Bera (D-CA) and Mike Kelly (R-PA) introduced the to accelerate the use of artificial intelligence to improve and transform pediatric cancer research, treatment options, and data storage. (Text)
Correspondence
Sens. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE) and John Curtis (R-UT) sent a letter to Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee Chair Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Ranking Member Maria Cantwell (D-WA) urging them to convene a hearing with executives from leading AI companies on the capabilities and safety of developing AI systems. The Senators also released a joint statement calling for swift public congressional hearings on potential AI regulatory solutions. (Letter)(Joint statement)
Reps. Sam Liccardo (D-CA), Lori Trahan (D-MA), George Whitesides (D-CA), and Ted Lieu (D-CA) led over 100 Democratic colleagues in a letter to Speaker Mike Johnson urging the House immediately reconvene to advance meaningful, bipartisan safeguards for advanced artificial intelligence. (Letter)
A group of House Democrats led by the House Foreign Affairs Committee ranking member of Gregory Meeks (D-NY) sent a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent urging “sustained and enduring diplomatic” talks between the United States and China on AI safety issues. (Letter)
Sen. Angus King (I-ME) sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent urging the White House to continue to promote American leadership in the artificial intelligence space and continue dialogue with the Chinese government to advance an AI safety strategy. (Letter)
Rep. Yassamin Ansari (D-AZ) led over 40 Democratic colleagues in a letter to President Donald Trump demanding he lead an international effort to establish global rules on artificial intelligence. (Letter)
Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) sent a letter to President Trump urging he raise the principle of maintaining a “human-in-the-loop” in nuclear launch decisions during his upcoming meeting with General Secretary Xi Jinping. (Letter)
Reps. Don Beyer (D-VA), Jay Obernolte (R-CA), Lori Trahan (D-MA), Ted Lieu (D-CA), Scott Franklin (R-FL), Sara Jacobs (D-CA), Gabe Amo (D-RI), Valerie Foushee (D-NC), Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA), and Veronica Escobar (D-TX) sent a letter to House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) and Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) urging both parties to take immediate, urgent action to address risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence. (Letter)
Publications and Events
The House Problem Solvers Caucus launched a bipartisan working group to establish a framework for AI guardrails, led by Reps. Mike Lawler (R-NY) and Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ). (Punchbowl)
Reps. Russell Fry (R-SC) and Suhas Subramanyam (D-VA) launched the Innovators Caucus to focus on advancing small and medium-sized businesses in artificial intelligence. (Punchbowl)
On September 17, Monopoly Busters Caucus held a hearing on surveillance AI. (Press release)
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) published on op-ed in entitled “AI’s potential harm to our society keeps me up at night.” (Op-ed)
Trump Administration
White House
The White House will host a summit between President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping for their second meeting of the year; AI safeguards are expected to be a major focus. (CSIS)
In a Truth Social post, President Donald Trump announced the creation of an AI Force and new AI Czar. (Truth Social)
Treasury Department
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent will meet Sunday with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng in New York to discuss issues including artificial intelligence.
Noteworthy Quotes
ADMINISTRATION
White House
Announcing he is forming an AI Force, President Donald Trump posted “Over the years, there have been many Hoaxes, all generated by the Radical Left Dumocrats, for purposes of destroying our Country. RUSSIA, RUSSIA, RUSSIA, UKRAINE, UKRAINE, UKRAINE, Global Warming, Impeachment Hoax #1, Impeachment Hoax #2, Men in Women’s Sports, Transgender for Everyone, and now, the decimation, or destruction, of AI, commonly known as Artificial Intelligence — And I, as President of the United States, will not stand by and let this happen. It all began with an attack on our Data Centers, until people realized how wealthy and prestigious they were for the Communities in which they were built. Higher Salaries, Lower Taxes, and Safer Streets, was the result, and the crazed Data Center attack has largely failed, so now, in much the same way as they changed the term ‘Global Warming’ to ‘Climate Change,’ in that it covers a much larger ‘territory’ of doubt, they are going straight at AI. We will not in any way hinder or stifle the Growth of this incredible Industry. Rather, we will cherish it, help it, and watch over it, as it grows! However, we will also be looking for BAD, and we can do that, very easily, with our already existing Criminal and Civil Justice System. For this purpose, I am forming the AI Force, much like I did Space Force, which has been a tremendous SUCCESS, in my First Term. To that end, I will be announcing, in the near future, the AI ‘Czar’ — Only High I.Q. individuals need apply! AI is the next Industrial Revolution, or Internet, but will be even larger and more impactful, possibly as much as 25% of our Country’s GDP. We are leading China, and the rest of the World, and I intend to keep it that way! President DONALD J. TRUMP”
Trump also posted “The only control or ‘guardrail’ that AI needs is a STRONG AND SMART (High IQ!) PRESIDENT, and the U.S.A. has that, in spades! The Trump Administration has stopped AI “people” from doing bad, or potentially bad, ‘things,’ like Dario (Anthropic!), who is now pretending to be a “perfect little angel” - and we will continue to do so! We already have tremendous CRIMINAL and REGULATORY power over these companies! There is a SICK conspiracy going on against AI and Data Centers, and the only one that is happy about it is China. WHOEVER WINS AI, WINS! We are leading China, and all others, and will continue to do so. Conspiracy Theorists, Treasonists, Traitors, and Leakers, BEWARE! Thank you for your attention to this matter! President DONALD J. TRUMP”
Trump also said, “We can put guardrails, and we can do this and that, but I think you have a lot of negative forces that are bringing it up and they’re bringing up things that won’t happen.” (Politico)
Vice President JD Vance said in remarks addressed to Anthropic founder Dario Amodei, “If you’re building Frankenstein, stop… If you’re gonna create Frankenstein, don’t come to the government and say we need regulation… Look inward and accept that if you’re building Frankenstein, No 1, you should stop and No 2, when companies come to you and say: ‘We need the tools to fight back against Frankenstein,’ give them those tools.” (The Guardian)
Treasury Department
In testimony before the House Financial Services Committee, Secretary Scott Bessent said of AI companies developing frontier models, “They could stop any time they want to. They could stop their progress any time they want to.” (Politico)
Department of Labor (DOL)
DOL chief innovation officer Taylor Stockton said the U.S. must be “clear-eyed and think about what the empirical evidence is actually showing us. A lot of those initial predictions that we all saw in reports around significant job loss, it’s just simply not materialized in the labor market. Whereas on the layoffs front, last month we actually had less layoffs than we’ve had in any month in the last two years.” He added, “We want to make sure we can support more workers and more businesses to share in that prosperity.” (Politico)
CONGRESS
AI Kill Switch and Human Control
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) delivered floor remarks regarding his AI Emergency Button Act, saying, “Here is the risk: AI is supposed to be a tool that human beings have control of to make our lives better. But what happens if the AI model, through what’s called recursive self-improvement, which basically means it’s learning on its own, no longer becomes a tool; it becomes an independent species, separate and apart from human beings that we can’t control because it’s an independent species? And it doesn’t share our values. It doesn’t share human values. Now, that has happened. We’ve read about it in the last three weeks… If you go on a construction site, you’re not going to get to go on that site if you don’t put a hard hat on. Now, my guess is that there’s way less than a 1% chance that if you go on a construction site today that you will get conked in the head. But we said as a society, we don’t want to take that risk. So, you have got to wear a hard hat. In my mind, if there is even a 1% chance that one of these AI models can shed its nature as a tool and become an independent species and start doing whatever the hell it wants to do, if there’s even a 1% chance, we ought to take it seriously… So, what do we do about it? Well, I’ve got a bill, and it basically says that if you’re going to sell an advanced AI model in the United States of America, it has got to have a kill switch. It doesn’t put the federal government, or any government, in charge of the kill switch. It puts the companies who own the model in charge of the kill switch. My bill would rely on them doing the right thing and exercising their own self-interest and using that kill switch when they need it.” (Press release)
Rep. Jim Himes (D-CT) posted “I don’t know if this reporting is accurate but I intend to find out. I do know that AI is tremendously powerful but it can also be tremendously dangerous. Making sure we employ these tools in a smart way that keeps a human in the loop is a day one priority for House Democrats.”
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) posted “AI is supposed to be a tool that humans control—not the other way around. Advanced AI models need a kill switch in case they go off the rails. We don’t need another government-run committee to tell us that.”
Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL) posted “AI systems are increasingly capable of improving not just their own code, but the strategies they use to improve themselves. That’s why we need safeguards that keep humans firmly in control as these systems become more powerful.”
Rep. Mike Lawler (R-NY) posted “AI is transforming our economy and our country, but we need to make sure it is developed and deployed safely. That’s why I introduced the bipartisan Stop Rogue AI Act with Rep. Josh Gottheimer. This bill would establish clear standards for identifying, verifying, monitoring, and controlling AI agents, while strengthening safeguards for how the federal government uses this technology.”
Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA) posted “Thank you CAgovernor for advancing this essential policy. Congress must follow California’s lead and pass the AI Kill Switch Act.”
Rep. Nathaniel Moran (R-TX) posted “I sat down with RandanMarie a few weeks ago on the first episode of Guardrails: The AI Watchdog Pod to talk about how America can lead on AI without losing control of it — the case for a kill switch, mandatory reporting when models slip human control, protecting our kids, and staying ahead of China.”
Rep. Greg Steube (R-FL) posted “AI should NEVER get the final say when American military operations are on the line. No chatbot or algorithm should determine a target without human verification. AI can be a powerful tool for our military, but humans MUST remain in control!”
Congressional Action on AI
Regarding Congressional action on AI, House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) said, “Congress is not the expert on this subject. We would be regulating something that we’re not aware of.” (Punchbowl)
Johnson also said, “We can’t rush in and have Congress do something that would be detrimental to national security. We’ve got to have meaningful regulation that does not smother American innovation. Now, how to solve that equation? No one knows yet.” He added, “The guys who are raising the alarms right now all have very different ideas on what the guardrails should be.” (Punchbowl)
Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-SD) said, “Input from the individual CEOs is important, but I also think that Congress has a job to do.” He added, “Getting anything done in the near-term is going to be challenging.” (Punchbowl)
Thune also said about an AI bill, “It needs to strike a balance, light touch. You don’t want to stifle innovation, but I think you also want to make sure that the more advanced threats can be mitigated, and there’s a capability in place to do that… [with] guardrails around those types of more consequential threats without in any way harming our ability to stay ahead in the AI race.” (Politico)
Thune also said about AI bill consideration before the end of the year, “It’s probably TBD. There are going to continue to be a lot of conversations about potential paths forward, but getting anything done in the near term is going to be challenging given the other stuff we’re dealing with… There is a way in which Congress can put guardrails around those types of more consequential threats, without in any way harming our ability to stay ahead in the AI race, which I think is also very important.” (Politico)
Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY) said, “We’ve been having meetings about AI for several years, trying to figure out the best thing to do about it. We’re going to continue talking about it, probably more aggressively now than we had.” (Politico)
Sen. Brian Schatz (D-HI) said, “What we need to do is take down the risk of these models either jumping out of the sandbox or being released into the wild without any third party certifying to their safety. And if we could just do that and then fight about the rest of it in a few weeks or months, that would be progress.” (Politico)
House Energy and Commerce Committee Chair Brett Guthrie (R-KY) said he “wouldn’t want to do something in a lame duck session to do it quickly and not get it right.” (Punchbowl)
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) said, “Trump is basically saying ‘Don’t do anything,’ and then you have some people on the far left saying, ‘Shut it all down.’ I don’t think either one is tenable.” (Punchbowl)
Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ) delivered a floor speech saying, “We find ourselves in such an extraordinary moment. The safety of artificial intelligence systems demands urgent attention. The President should convene Congress at once to address it. This is not a moment for panic or despair. It is a moment for the government to govern. Congress will soon leave Washington for two months. Artificial intelligence will not recess. Americans are already experiencing the effects of AI through scams, privacy threats, workplace disruption, and surveillance, while increasingly powerful systems present new risks that policymakers have yet to fully address. Booker called for Congress to address three urgent challenges: protecting Americans from potentially catastrophic AI risks, including dangerous biological and cyber capabilities; confronting harms already affecting Americans; and ensuring Americans can benefit from AI’s potential to advance science, improve health care and education, boost productivity, and help small businesses compete. AI will not recess. These issues demand our urgent attention. Mr. President: It’s time for a Special Session.” (Press release)
Sen. John Hickenlooper (D-CO) delivered floor remarks saying, “We’re entering a new and dangerous era of artificial intelligence, and we need stronger guardrails to protect against the risks. The Senate Commerce Committee needs to hold hearings with leaders from across the AI industry on responsible regulation. But we can’t stop there. Smart guardrails on AI will be the difference between this technology benefitting all Americans or just the companies developing it. To do that, we can’t allow the fox to guard the henhouse! Congress needs to act now.” (Press release)
In an interview, Sen. Ruben Gallego (D-AZ) said, “We need experts to come in and talk to us—the people who are skeptics, the people who want to regulate, and the people who have a vision for AI. The problem that we have right now is that we don’t know enough… We need to be bringing the best minds around us and figure out how to put up guardrails, and how to do it quickly. I’m glad that they [the AI companies] are coming out, but can we really trust people that have an interest, a very corporate—corporate interest for them, for whatever outcome, right? They have to respond to corporate shareholders. We have to respond to the American public, right? I have to make sure that whatever outcome that we decide to put together for these guardrails aren’t designed basically to cover their asses for whatever they mess up later, right?” (Press release)
On a Senate Select Committee, Gallego said, “The first thing we would fix is: get the people around you, besides those three [Musk, Dario, Altman], to give you the information you need to know how bad this is and where this is going. Step two is: Are we looking too small? You know, this is going to have to end up being an international agreement, right? Where we have to talk to not just China, the European Union, other friends and allies, to make sure that we all are staying together on this. Because if there’s any type of leakage, if any types of these agents go rogue, they’re not going to care if this was created in China. They will go after the United States and go after China later, or at the same time.” (Press release)
On President Trump dismissing regulation of AI, Gallego said, “This is why I’m very much in favor of putting a commission together that is akin to the 9/11 Commission to come up with the recommendations that we need, to put into text and move fast. And if their president doesn’t want to vote for this, then we have the votes to override that president because it is bad. The voter is really scared about what’s happening right now. They’re scared that their jobs are going to be taken, that their lives are going to be taken. What we understand is humanity could be totally gone within a couple of years.” (Press release)
On a Select Committee on AI, House Energy and Commerce Ranking Member Frank Pallone (D-NJ) said, “I’m concerned that a Select Committee on AI would only further delay legislation. Over the last few years, we’ve had multiple task forces, policy reports, and a Democratic Commission. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence technologies have continued to evolve exponentially. We simply cannot allow further delays – it’s time for action.” (X.com)
When asked in an interview about Democratic Leader Schumer’s request for a briefing on AI risk, Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WA) said, “Well, I think that remains to be seen, and I don’t think Congress has turned a blind eye. We’ve had several briefings on this already. We see the CEOs of these companies coming to us asking for, you know some sort of regulatory floor, which is very rare that people come and ask the federal government to help. So, we are very much on top of this, and I think it can be a bipartisan effort to make sure the good parts of AI are preserved, but that the dangers and the red flags are definitely paid attention to.” (Press release)
On understanding AI, Capito said, “Well, I mean, I’m going to focus on the positive here. I mean, some of the cures that we see coming forward for cancer and other health issues, some of the productivity in the workplace, all of these things are the major pluses. Plus, to be able to compete on the world stage because we know China’s developing quickly, we always have to have these safeguards to make sure children are protected, to make sure that you know…so we need to pay attention to those red flags.” (Press release)
On Senate action on AI, Capito said, “Well, I do think he’s [David Sacks] making a good point in that the technology and the folks that are running these technologies and making a lot of money as they’re doing it. They’re [CEOs] the ones that can really be the leaders here in terms of putting the stoppers, putting the protective devices on their own technology, and that’s what they should be doing. I think what they’re worried about is that somebody won’t do that and get some kind of a competitive advantage. That’s why they want Congress to act. But at the same time, I do think that we will be taking this seriously. Senator Thune and others have been working on this for several years. You see we’re slow to act because the technology’s moving so fast, and do we understand it in total? That’s why we need the tech leaders to help us and others outside evaluators, and others to be able to show us the way where we can be most effective.” (Press release)
Sen. Mark Kelly (D-AZ) said, “There are things we can do and that we should do, and we need to act… The other CEOs of the frontier AI companies need to get on board with this. They can put in the guardrails themselves, but we can’t count on them to do that. And it’s the responsibility of the U.S. Senate and the House and the Administration.” He added, “We have to put some restrictions on these companies. The companies are starting to ask for these things. They want regulation. They want guardrails in place. We have to be able to mitigate for bad outcomes before they actually happen.” (Press release)
Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) said in an interview, “We need urgent engagement now. We need to be able to have rules of the road, we need to be able to have reliable guardrails, and we need to be able to be talking to these AI companies regularly about how to do this well, how to maintain our leadership, how to maintain the ability to cure cancer and cure disease, and have massive breakthroughs. But we also need to make sure we’re investing in America. We need to make sure we are investing the wealth of AI into a jobs guarantee, into healthcare and education. We need to make sure that we have a plan for how we deal with these models that are doing things that even the experts did not expect them able to do so soon. And so we do need that regulatory clarity now, and we need to work with AI companies. And I do not think President Trump is providing any leadership on this. He’s sold the most efficient chips to China, but again, not making sure that we have rules of the road that our own AI companies can ensure that the public is safe… I think we should begin hearings immediately. I also think we should work on a bipartisan basis to provide the guidelines and oversight that is needed. AI companies have been, many of them have been asking for this level of engagement and regulation. We’ve seen so many of the harms, but we also have so much promise, and so we want to make sure we’re at the forefront of this technology, that we are competitive, that we can cure cancer and cure other diseases, but we also want to make sure it doesn’t harm humanity, and so that means alignment has to be there. These AI models must be aligned with humanity. Humanity has to be the focus. I worked in our defense bill over the last several months to try to put a human in the loop on all systems and to make sure AI couldn’t be used for domestic surveillance. We wanted to make sure that nuclear weapons would have proper human oversight before an AI model could choose a target or push send on a nuclear weapon. We also wanted to make sure there was humans in the loop for any offensive weapons. Like, I fully understand how efficient and capable an AI system will be for defense to shoot down missiles on their way to American cities, but when you’re talking about choosing a target or deciding when to bomb or where to bomb, that should have a human oversight in all circumstances.” (Press release)
Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-NV) delivered remarks urging Senate Commerce Chair Ted Cruz (R-TX) convene a hearing with top AI executives, saying, “Artificial intelligence has extraordinary potential to solve complex problems across sectors, contribute to scientific breakthroughs, and improve humans’ quality of life. At the same time, this powerful technology can have the power to cause catastrophic damages if we don’t act to impose guardrails and safety mechanisms. Congress must do everything in its power to ensure the American AI industry continues to lead, particularly outcompeting China, and also enact increased guardrails to ensure AI development is progressing in a safe and responsible manner. This is why I’m calling on Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Ted Cruz to immediately hold a hearing on this matter with the top executives of American leading AI companies.” (Press release)
Sen. Andy Kim (D-NJ) released a statement saying, “AI is moving faster than anyone – including its creators – can understand or control. We need to act and act now to ensure that humans remain in control of this technology and that all people – not just the elite few – benefit from it. The warnings we’ve gotten after multiple concerning AI incidents need to serve as a wake-up call to establish a comprehensive approach including government action to put guardrails on our own technology, and ensure that our competitors and adversaries aren’t able to develop dangerous technologies. Technology and innovation must move forward; it’s what has powered our nation’s economy and kept us safe. But moving forward recklessly without sensible controls is a recipe for chaos and danger. The American people don’t want this technology to advance without rules that they have a say in writing. The Senate will reconvene this week. We should call together a Senate wide discussion on next steps and set out to pass critical bipartisan legislation that we can get done before the end of the year like the MATCH Act and BLADE Act that I’ve put forward along with other legislation to protect our kids. I’ve also pushed to develop a protocol to ‘Mythos-proof’ our critical infrastructure and financial/healthcare sectors from AI-driven attacks and vulnerabilities. These are steps we can take right now as we build out broader solutions and regulations. It should be a focus of ours to discuss how to reassert control over AI for the American people. Control based on a set of principles, enforced by a set of rules, all built for a common purpose: to ensure the technology and innovation that moves us forward never leaves us behind. And controls to ensure our competitors and adversaries aren’t able to proceed recklessly while we take sensible steps.” (Press release)
Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) said, “I’m not a doomer. This talk about human extinction is over the top.” He added, “The idea that these swarms of AI agents might jump the fence and take over a banking system or take over a water system or, God forbid, take over a hospital.” (Reuters)
On potential Senate policy, Warner said, “In the short term, I think the only thing we can actually ... get done is a set of safety protocols… Nobody would climb on an airplane or drive a car without some level of outside safety reviews. And the industry would need something like potentially even an antitrust exemption to talk to each other.” (Reuters)
On an AI development pause, Warner said “I don’t think whether we call it a pause or pacing means that we’re going to stop innovation” (Reuters)
On Congressional action, Warner said, “If we don’t do something and something happens, there’s a 95%-plus probability that Americans are going to be even more pissed off at Congress than at President Trump.” (Reuters)
Rep. Roger Williams (R-TX) said, “I think we need to be careful that we don’t get too much government drama. I think you start out by letting the private sector see how they can compete and make it grow.” (Reuters)
Rep. Jay Obernolte (R-CA) said, “There are some very identifiable risks and potential harms of AI. But as the president said, we also want to make sure that we create an environment where AI can flourish in the United States and can bring the very beneficial effects that it will to our economy, our society, and humanity itself.” (Newsmax)
Rep. Ami Bera (D-CA) posted “This was another unproductive week in Mike Johnson’s House of Representatives. The Speaker canceled votes and sent us home for seven weeks to avoid an impeachment vote on Secretary Hegseth. We still have too much work to do, from confronting rising AI threats to addressing the affordability crisis, for Congress to leave town. The American people deserve a Congress that actually does its job.”
Rep. Sarah Elfreth (D-MD) posted “Congress has an obligation to those we serve to tackle the most urgent and complex problems facing our nation and world. Instead of doing that with AI, the Speaker canceled votes and sent us home two weeks early. That’s why I’ve joined RepLiccardo in urging Speaker Johnson to reconvene the House and advance meaningful, bipartisan AI safeguards. AI isn’t slowing down, and neither should Congress. We need to be here in Washington, working towards meaningful regulations for this technology – it’s what our constituents elected us to do.”
Sen. Andy Kim (D-NJ) posted “AI is moving faster than anyone can understand or control. We must act now.”
Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA) posted “Republican leadership must stop burying their heads in the sand. We need AI regulation NOW.”
Rep. Johnny Olszewski (D-MD) posted “When the people building AI technology are the ones warning us about it, we should listen. Congress needs to act with urgency—instead, Speaker Johnson sent us home.”
Rep. Luz Rivas (D-CA) posted “Instead of taking urgent action to address AI, SpeakerJohnson and HouseGOP went on vacation until November. Over 80 HouseDemocrats and I wrote to Speaker Johnson urging him to keep the House in session so we can take urgent action to address the risks posed by AI. AI is not slowing down. House Democrats want to ensure AI has the safeguards necessary to work for the American people – not against them.”
Rep. Luz Rivas (D-CA) posted “Costs are rising. People are scared of AI. Trump’s war in Iran continues. ICE continues to cause terror in our communities. Americans want answers and action – but where is the HouseGOP? For this week’s #RivasRewind, come with me to find Republicans who want to work with HouseDemocrats to address Americans’ top concerns!”
Rep. Lori Trahan (D-MA) posted “I joined RepYassAnsari and more than two dozen HouseDemocrats in urging Donald Trump to take urgent action to address the serious risks posed by frontier AI. When disaster strikes, it doesn’t check your party affiliation. It doesn’t care where you were born or what you do for a living. That’s why we must work together to find solutions that protect every American from these risks.”
AI Safety and Accountability
Rep. Greg Casar (D-TX) posted “If Boeing said ‘this plane might kill people, but trust us,’ the FAA would ground it on the spot. AI is no different. We the people decide what’s safe. Not a couple of CEOs.”
Rep. Scott Franklin (R-FL) posted “Cutting edge Frontier AI models are now showing the ability to do things their creators didn’t intend or anticipate. The implications are serious and must be addressed. This week, I participated in a housescience roundtable with AI industry leaders to take a deeper look at the recent OpenAI/Hugging Face incident and the lessons we need to learn from the rapid advancement of Frontier models. As Congress grapples with establishing proper AI oversight, we must strike the right balance that encourages American innovation while protecting the public. Doing so will be critical to ensuring the AI race isn’t won by authoritarian regimes whose disregard for our Western democratic values could be catastrophic through the abuse or reckless use of this transformational technology.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “AI is racing ahead. The guardrails aren’t. We must put commonsense rules of the road in place to keep families safe, protect kids online, and defend our national security.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “Right now, there are no mandatory requirements for pre-deployment testing of frontier AI models. That approach doesn’t work in banking, it doesn’t work in food safety, it doesn’t work in medicine and it sure as hell shouldn’t work with the technology that experts say could help build a bioweapon or take down our power grid. My bipartisan American AI Security Act would put real, commonsense guardrails on AI to ensure we can win the global AI race in the right way.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “This isn’t about stopping AI or stifling innovation, it is about making sure — with warning signs flashing red — that we can safely deploy AI, and win the race the right way. Today at FDUWhatsNew, I announced a bipartisan plan to put real guardrails on AI — and keep America ahead in the AI race. The American AI Security Act, which I’m introducing with RepMikeLawler, would require mandatory, time-bound, pre-deployment national security reviews before the most powerful AI models go out the door. The China FIREWALL Act, which I’m introducing with RepLaLota, would close a loophole allowing the government to use Chinese AI models. I already got DeepSeek banned from most federal devices, and this would close the loophole for good. If we don’t trust Beijing with our data, we shouldn’t trust their AI. We can’t bury our heads in the sand, and we can’t hand the future to China. We have to put real guardrails in place, and compete like hell to win.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “AI is full of opportunity, but we’ve got to protect consumers, our national security, and Jersey families every step of the way. This week, I had the chance to press Secretary Bessent on AI and what the U.S. Treasury Department is doing to put smart guardrails in place.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “We’re in a Cold War-style race with China on AI and we need a serious plan that will allow us to win and protect Americans. Relying on independent auditors to do the job of protecting America’s national security just won’t cut it and certainly doesn’t meet the moment. With our national security on the line, every AI developer should have to submit their frontier models to the U.S. government for a shot-clocked review before they release them to the public.”
Rep. Adam Gray (D-CA) posted “A thoughtful piece from my colleague RepWhitesides, who brings a unique perspective to the debate over AI after serving as NASA’s Chief of Staff and spending much of his career in aerospace. AI has enormous potential, but moving fast shouldn’t mean ignoring serious risks. George makes a compelling case for borrowing a lesson from aerospace: when the stakes are high, taking the time to understand the risks and put the right safeguards in place is just common sense. Worth a read.”
Rep. Sara Jacobs (D-CA) posted “Whether or not to regulate AI should NOT be up for debate. ‘Winning’ the AI race with China doesn’t just mean achieving AGI first – that doesn’t matter if no one trusts these AI systems enough to adopt them or if they hurt people who use them. Our goal should be to have the right guardrails that make AI systems transparent, safe, and accountable. Trust and safety are our competitive advantage. Congress must act to make that a reality.”
Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) posted “We must act now on AI. I’m working on bipartisan legislation to stop dangerous AI models before they hit the market. It’s clear we cannot wait.”
Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI) posted “Artificial intelligence is advancing at an extraordinary pace, and we must slow down its development until we establish commonsense guardrails that ensure this transformational technology is developed safely and responsibly. I’ve worked across the aisle to pass bipartisan legislation establishing safeguards for the federal government’s use of AI, but it’s clear this technology’s impact will be wide-ranging and significant across our entire society. It’s well past time for Congress, the industry, and the Trump Administration to take immediate action and put meaningful standards in place to guide responsible AI innovation.”
Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) posted “Americans want to buy AMERICAN-MADE products. But, they need accurate information about where products are made. I joined SenatorBaldwin in calling on the FTC to investigate the accuracy of AI chatbots on Walmart and Amazon identifying products as made in America.”
Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN) posted “There is one thing we should be clear-eyed about right now: AI developers aren’t above the laws we have currently on the books. They can and should be prosecuted and held liable if they break the law and their products harm us.”
Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN) posted “These AI companies cannot be trusted to regulate themselves. Don’t let the fox guard the henhouse.”
Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) posted “AI could take down entire banks or local water systems. Chatbots are already engaging in inappropriate relationships with our kids. I’m calling for Congress to take action NOW to get basic guardrails up for AI.”
Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC) posted “Grateful to cosponsor GOPPolicy Chairman JayObernolte’s Frontier Act which is a smart bipartisan framework to spur continued AI innovation with sensible regulation to eliminate catastrophic risk. I’m grateful for Chairman Obernolte’s incredible work as GOPPolicy Chairman.”
Innovation vs. Regulation
Rep. Don Bacon (R-NE) posted “I’m Chair of Cyber and AI Subcommittee. I’m very concerned if we over regulate AI, we’ll be whipped in the AI race.”
Rep. Don Bacon (R-NE) posted “If Americans come in second in AI & quantum computing our national security will be undermined. At the same time, we should closely monitor AI development & be prepared to put in guardrails if warranted. But, over regulating AI now is a recipe for defeat.”
Rep. Kat Cammack (R-FL) posted “This isn’t about AI moving too fast. It’s about Big AI getting ahead of their competition. They want Congress to write rules that smaller companies can’t afford to follow. Safety’s their pitch. Killing competition is the point.”
Rep. Andy Ogles (R-TN) posted “Dems want control over AI, and they are inventing hysteria to take it.”
Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) posted “We have to be careful what we let the government do with AI regulation.”
Rep. Chip Roy (R-TX) posted “Rep. Roy on AI: ‘I want competition and free enterprise to rule the day. I don’t want crony capitalism, crony government interference, but we do need tech leaders to come forward and answer Congress’ questions.’”
China
Sen. Steve Daines (R-MT) said in an interview, “I spent some time in Hangzhou, which is a city that’s larger than New York, that many have never heard of, but it’s the epicenter of a lot of the tech innovation in China. Very impressive. It’s important to understand what the competition is out there. We’re ahead as it relates to the frontier models in AI, thankfully, and we’ll continue to keep that lead as long as we don’t put policies in place that will somehow slow us down. This is a race, Stuart. It’s important that America wins that race. We are not as strong in adoption on AI. The Chinese are second in the world. We’re ranked 24th by Stanford. But in terms of innovation, we’re in the lead today. It’s very important to win this. And this is why we’ve got this big debate in Washington on AI. What is the right plan going forward? I’m just concerned that D.C. is not capable of effectively regulating something it doesn’t understand. We need to make sure we have strong input here, certainly from our best and brightest in this space in America… Slow down is a mistake. When you’re running a race, last time I checked, Stuart, a winning strategy is not to slow down.” (Press release)
Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) posted “As America leads the global race in AI innovation, we must ensure our development outpaces competitors like China without compromising citizen privacy or electrical grid reliability.”
Rep. Pat Fallon (R-TX) posted “The real AI threat isn’t some doomsday scenario. It’s Americans panicking, slamming the brakes on development, and handing the future to Communist China. A freeze only helps our adversaries. National security demands we stay ahead.”
Sen. John Fetterman (D-PA) posted “Western PA has always been a crucial part in AI, scientific innovation, and robotics for our country. SenMcCormickPA and I both agree that the U.S. must lead — not China. Thank you to the AI Horizons Pittsburgh Summit for letting us have this important conversation.”
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) posted “We’re in a cold war with China and in order to win, we need a war plan. Getting AI policy right is critical to our future – to American children, families, our national security, and our global competitiveness. But we must do it in a smart way with commonsense rules of the road.”
Sen. Dave McCormick (R-PA) posted “For decades, we’ve been told the next technological shift will spell disaster. Just look at these TIME covers. AI doomerism is the latest version. The risks are real. So is the opportunity. America can’t fear its way into the future while China races ahead. We must lead humility, conviction, and courage.”
Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) posted “The Trump admin & their backers want to use China to scare us into thinking we can’t limit the AI giants. Congress worked to restrict the sale of OUR advanced chips to China BUT Trump green-lit the sales against the advice of experts. I’ve been calling out that corruption from the start”
Sen. Dave McCormick (R-PA) posted “Great to join virtually yesterday at the AI Horizons Pittsburgh Summit with my friend and colleague, SenFettermanPA. AI is the most transformative technology of our lifetime. America must win the race for AI and energy dominance. We cannot afford to fall behind China.”
House Foreign Affairs Committee Democrats posted “Dems are calling on the Trump admin to work with China to: Establish shared standards and red lines for AI safety; Develop a standing crisis communications channel; Address the proliferation of advanced AI capabilities to third parties; Facilitate dialogue between American and Chinese AI researchers on AI safety and risks”
Data Centers and Ratepayer Protection Act
On Sen. Bernie Moreno’s Ratepayer Protection Act to require state utility regulators to establish rules requiring data center operators to cover grid upgrade costs, Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) said, “If the voluntary approach was viable, we wouldn’t already be seeing these costs passed along to consumers.” (Punchbowl)
Sen. Bernie Moreno (R-OH) said, “This bill would have done something that’s not nothing. What you saw now is just over and over again Democrat obstruction after Democrat obstruction, so they could just put up another TV ad to say that electricity prices are high, so that they can win an election.” (Punchbowl)
Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND) said, “I mean, how often do you have something as consequential as that go through the House and only lose three votes? So we’ll do some more work on it and see if we can pass it.” He added, “If you think about it, it helps everybody.” (Punchbowl)
Rep. Katherine Clark (D-MA) posted “This is what Republicans slashed Medicaid and SNAP for. Tax cuts for data centers and AI companies. While families struggle with rising costs from Trump’s war and tariffs.”
Rep. Beth Van Duyne (R-TX) posted “This week, my House colleagues and I passed the bipartisan Ratepayer Protection Act, 417-3. By working together with local, state, and federal officials, we can maintain American AI leadership while adding increased energy capacity and upgraded electrical grids to serve the American public.”
Rep. Glenn Grothman (R-WI) posted “No one in Wisconsin’s Sixth District should have to pay higher electricity bills to subsidize the infrastructure needed for a data centers. That’s why I’m supported the Ratepayer Protection Act. As America leads the AI race, we need to ensure these major investments don’t leave families and small businesses footing the bill for the energy infrastructure they require. We can support innovation while protecting Wisconsin ratepayers.”
Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-NE) posted “I am a cosponsor of SenJonHusted’s Ratepayer Protection Act. This bill would protect American families from footing the bill for data centers. This legislation will empower America to beat China in the AI race, without putting the cost on Americans. It’s terrible that Senate Democrats blocked this commonsense bill from passing. I am working to protect Nebraskans’ pockets and strengthen our national security.”
House Financial Services Ranking Member Maxine Waters (D-CA) said, “President Trump continues to blindly push for AI and data centers with absolutely no safeguards. He’s doing this even as constant threats skyrocket for Americans.” (Politico)
Jobs and the Economy
Rep. Greg Casar (D-TX) posted “I agree with AOC here. Two things can be true at once: AI CEOs endanger our lives and freedoms with their unsafe frontier models, and they also endanger our retirement accounts and our entire economy with their irresponsible finances. If we are in an AI bubble that bursts, we must not bail out the oligarchs who caused all of this in the first place.”
Rep. Greg Casar (D-TX) posted “Oracle is now spending $2.8 billion to cut its own workforce, and says part of those cuts come down to AI. Oracle’s workforce is down 21,000 in a year. We need to tax AI and use the money to create jobs.”
Rep. Mike Lawler (R-NY) posted “This week, I joined a bipartisan discussion with Rep. Sam Liccardo hosted by the Business Roundtable to talk about preparing workers for the AI transition, expanding career opportunities, and ensuring Americans benefit from technological innovation. AI is changing the way we work, and Congress needs to ensure American workers are ready to lead in the economy of the future. We must embrace innovation while ensuring workers aren’t left behind.”
Data Privacy and Surveillance
Rep. Eric Burlison (R-MO) posted “Why should the government have access to massive amounts of your data while AI makes it easier than ever to search through that information? (Hint: It shouldn’t) At the same time, we are accepting technology in our vehicles that can monitor us and potentially shut the vehicle down, giving government an enormous amount of power. Who thought this was a good idea?”
Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL) posted “The misuse of Flock cameras has raised privacy, civil liberty, and accountability concerns across America. During next week’s hearing, I look forward to getting to the bottom of Flock’s collection, retention, and dissemination of the data they collect.”
Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA) posted “NEW POD: This week, I focused on an urgent topic — Big Tech and surveillance AI. Tune in to listen to tech workers, advocates, and directly harmed people who are taking a stand for regulation.”
Rep. Summer Lee (D-PA) posted “Allegheny County has more automated license plate readers than anywhere else in PA, including 192 Flock cameras. Public safety shouldn’t come at the cost of our fundamental right to privacy. We need oversight & accountability for surveillance technology that has become the norm.”
Sen. Adam Schiff (D-CA) posted “As the administration continues its dangerous and illegal effort to seek access to federal workers’ health records, MarkWarner and I are once again fighting to end this clear violation of privacy. Exploiting individuals’ data is deeply alarming and harmful. Congress and the American people deserve answers.”
Rep. Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) posted “TSA’s use of facial recognition at our airports is not only a violation of our privacy, it’s not even secured. An Inspector General report just found that a private vendor was able to extract sensitive passenger data without TSA’s knowledge, and passengers were never informed. Enough. These mass surveillance technologies do not make us safe.”
House Judiciary Committee Democrats posted “AGToddBlanche, you missed a major legal deadline. Every American who values their privacy has a right to read this opinion and learn how their communications are being searched. It’s time to come clean and show the American people how the FBI has been abusing Section 702 authorities to violate the privacy of Americans.”
Trump Downplays AI Risk
Senate Armed Services Committee Ranking Member Jack Reed (D-RI) released a statement saying, “President Trump is dead wrong. His shortsighted view increases the likelihood that AI will be misused by bad actors or unsafely sped up by corporate interests at the expense of the public. Artificial Intelligence is a powerful tool that offers opportunities and risks. As with any new technology, especially something as cutting-edge and revolutionary as AI, laws and regulations must keep pace with the tech’s capabilities. Congress must do its job and provide balanced oversight, standards, and rules of the road. The AI industry itself is warning that the technology may be evolving at an unsafe pace. Elected officials should heed that warning and responsibly develop solutions to ensure the interests of the American people are protected. Adding some brakes and speed limits to AI development does not have to mean losing pace with the Chinese. That excuse is both a failure of imagination and a failure of leadership and misunderstands the nature of the AI race itself. We have a responsibility to ensure AI is used for the public good. That means smart, balanced guardrails and laws that are essential to protecting people, our economy, and humanity itself. And we need to ensure this technology is not misused by corporations, the government, or others. Instead of dismissing the need for AI guardrails, it is essential that lawmakers come together and develop the right ones. America’s future depends on it.” (Press release)
Rep. James Clyburn (D-SC) posted “There you have it. Trump doesn’t want any safeguards on AI because he’s concerned they would cause the stock market to go down under his watch. This is Covid-19 all over again: faced with credible warnings of a threat to the American people, Trump sticks his head in the sand and pretends it’s not happening.”
Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ) posted “He loves the inflation. He wants to ‘let data reign.’ And now he’s a fan of Flock cameras. Americans shouldn’t have to sacrifice their privacy and dignity for safety. But like with everything else, Trump is wildly out of step with what Americans want and need.”
Miscellaneous
Rep. Maxine Dexter (D-OR) posted “This is a must-read by AOC. Congress needs to get back to work in WA DC to: 1. Legislatively-define the liability AI firms must assume when their products create harm. 2. Irrefutably declare the government will not bail these firms out when their self-created bubble breaks.”
Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) said, “I’ve just come back from Connecticut, and as I went around the state, a lot of people were talking about AI in a way they had not done before.” He added, “There is a critical mass, almost approaching a kind of frenzy, and the problem with this kind of frenzy is there’s a lot of froth, and the froth has to be channeled into action. The energy has to be made real in terms of a product.” (Politico)
Rep. Greg Casar (D-TX) said, “The AI race is not an arms race that you win. It’s an arms race that we need to end, and we need to protect the American people.” He added, “Over 30 members of Congress sent letters to these companies, and in the example of OpenAI, we asked if there were other incidents where AI got out of its sandbox, hacked into other companies. Is there anything else we should know about in addition to Hugging Face?” (Politico)
In endorsing a mandatory government vetting regime rather than third-parties to evaluate the safety of frontier artificial intelligence models, Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) said, “With our cybersecurity, biosecurity, critical infrastructure, and national security on the line, every AI developer should have to submit their frontier models to the U.S. government for a short-clocked review before they release them to the public. When AI developers cheer on the framework meant to hold these companies accountable, it should raise red flags, not confidence.” (Politico)
After an AI-generated hoax about his health, Sen. Raphael Warnock (D-GA) said, “What if hours before an election, someone created a page with AI-generated images, fake stories about the candidates? How will voters know what’s true and what’s not true? Social media companies have to move quickly to label this material. Congress needs to act.” (Press release)
On the CMS AI model WISeR, Rep. Suzan DelBene (D-WA) said, “The more that American seniors learn about WISeR, the more they are outraged that the Trump administration is allowing tech companies to profit by delaying and denying necessary care.” (Politico)
Rep. Suzan DelBene (D-WA) posted “Trump’s AI Medicare experiment is a dangerous disaster for seniors. New documents reveal over 50 percent of claims in Washington were denied during the first three months of the program. Thanks to a botched rollout & perverse incentives for private companies to delay & deny care, seniors have been left suffering in pain.”
In a speech, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) said, “Let’s be clear: Regulating AI is not a progressive issue. It is not a conservative issue. It is as American as apple pie. That is why 68% of Americans support a permanent ban on superintelligent AI and an immediate pause on advanced AI development — including 72% of Democrats, 70% of Independents, and 63% of Republicans. That is why 75% of Americans oppose building AI data centers in their communities — including 75% of Democrats, 74% of Independents, and 63% of Republicans. That is why 69% of the American people want to transfer half of the stock in AI companies to the public. Here’s the bottom line: The future of humanity cannot be left in the hands of a handful of Big Tech oligarchs. The American people and people throughout the world must determine that future.” (Press release)
Rep. Sara Jacobs (D-CA) posted “This was unfortunately foreseeable. That’s why Congress needs to enact my Defense AI Reliability and Reporting Act, that was in the House-passed NDAA. It would require prompt reporting of near misses like this and a coordinated process to find and fix the underlying failures.”
What I’m Reading This Week
The Subtle Sign That A.I. Is Not Yet a National Political Issue, Nate Cohn, The New York Times.
Top AI companies are asking for supervision. Here’s why Congress might not give it to them, Brendan Borelon, Politico.
‘Godfather of AI’ warns Congress has ‘maybe a year’ left to regulate AI, Scott Wong, Sahil Kapur, Brennan Leach and Katie Taylor, NBC News.
Governments worldwide are way behind on AI, says Bill Gates, Jennifer Rigby, Reuters.
We Must Pace the Frontier, Dario Amodei.
Obama Urges Democrats to Move A.I. Oversight to the Center of Their Agenda, Evan Gorelick, The New York Times.
About Zero One Strategies
Zero One Strategies is a specialized government relations practice dedicated to navigating the complex landscape of U.S. federal policy in emerging technologies. As advancements in technology continue to outpace regulatory frameworks, Zero One Strategies aims to provide strategic guidance and bipartisan advocacy for innovators and businesses operating at the forefront of technological development.
The practice focuses on key areas such as artificial intelligence, digital assets, blockchain, decentralized technologies, cybersecurity, data, and digital infrastructure, as well as the multiple policy issues impacting these sectors, including tax and financial services.
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